Geography MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Geography - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Troposphere.

Key Points

• The troposphere is the lowest part of the Earth's atmosphere in which all tropical changes take place. 
• It contains about 75% of the total air in the atmosphere.
• Based on temperature variation, our atmosphere can be classified into the following layers mainly.
• Troposphere: From Earth's surface up to 10km. Here, temperature decreases with increasing height. We, humans, live in the troposphere, and nearly all weather occurs in this lowest layer. Most clouds appear here.
• Stratosphere: From 10km above the surface to 50km above the surface, Here, temperature increases with increasing height due to the presence of the ozone layer.
• Ozone gas is capable of absorbing harmful UV rays and due to the absorption, the temperature increases.
• All the airplanes fly in this zone as due to high temperature there is less turbulence and hence smoother flights are possible. 
• Mesosphere: From 50km above the surface to 85 km above the surface. Here, the temperature again decreases with increasing height. Most meteors burn up in the mesosphere.
• Ionosphere: Beyond 85km there is a thermosphere layer and Ionosphere is a series of regions in parts of the mesosphere and thermosphere.

The correct answer is A, B, C all are correct.

Key Points

• Mountains, hills, plateaus, and plains are the four major types of landforms. Minor landforms include buttes, canyons, valleys, and basins. Tectonic plate movement under the Earth can create landforms by pushing up mountains and hills.
• A plateau is an elevated land with a flat top, bound by steep slopes on one or more sides. A plateau is also called a tableland.
• Plateaus cover about 45% of the earth’s surface.
• The Deccan Plateau of India is one of the oldest plateaus on the earth’s surface. The Tibet Plateau is the youngest, highest, and largest plateau in the world. 
• Lava, rivers, or wind form plateaus.
• Lava erupts from cracks on the earth’s surface spreads in the surrounding areas, then cools down, and eventually forms plateaus. 
• Plateaus formed by lava are called lava plateaus.
• As rivers flow down the slopes of high mountains, they carry stones and sand with the water. This results in the erosion of the mountains and the formation of tablelands or plateaus. 
• Plateaus are created when winds wear away the side of an uplifted region and carry the debris to far-off places.
• Plateaus are rich in mineral deposits, such as gold and iron. 
• Lava plateaus have a high percentage of productive black soil containing calcium and magnesium carbonates. 
• Crops like maize, cotton, ragi, and chili grow well in the black soil of plateau regions.
• Hence, the correct answer is A, B, C all are correct.

The correct answer is Brazil.

Key Points

• In 2011 Brazil was the most populated country among the given option.
• Brazil was the 5th largest country in the world according to population, in 2011.
• In 2011 the average life expectancy was 68 years.
• The total population of the world was around 7 billion.

Additional Information

• Currently, China is the most populated country in the world followed by India at 2nd place and America at 35rd.
• The total population for the world is estimated to be 8 billion by November 2022.​
• The G7 summit 2022 was hosted by Germany.

The Correct Answer is Pleistocene.Key PointsPleistocene:

• Epoch of Quaternary Period.
• Earth witnessed large scale glaciations.

Additional Information Eocene:

• Second epoch of Paleogene Period.
• Lasted 56 - 33.9 million years ago.

Miocene:

• First geological epoch of Neogene period.
• Lasted 23.03 - 5.333 million years ago.

Oligocene:

• Epoch of Paleogene Period.

​​Pliocene:

• Epoch of Neogene period.
• 5.33 - 2.58 Years ago.

The correct answer is Agricultural geography.

Key Points

Social Geography

• The most important branches of Social Science are Anthropology, Economics, Politics, Psychology, Sociology, History, Law, Linguistics, Archaeology, and Geography.
• Social Science is not a common discipline of Science that requires you to bury your mind with endless scientific formulas and tire yourself out in mind-boggling experiments
• It delves deeper into the science of humankind and society and explores many branches such as Law, Political Science, Psychology, History, and more.

Additional Information

Let’s dig more into the details of this subject through this detailed blog about branches of Social Sciences.

• Anthropology: The Study of People, Past and Present
• History: The Study of Human History
• Archaeology: The study of the human past through recovery and analysis of material culture
• Human Geography: The study of the relationship between people and places
• Economics: The study of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services
• Law: The study of legal systems in different aspects from people to businesses and the environment
• Development Studies: The study of the evolution of countries from socio-economic, cultural, political, and geographical perspectives
• Philosophy: The study of the nature of existence
• International Relations: The study of relationships between nations and cultures
• Linguistics: The scientific study of language
• Cultural Studies: The study of diverse cultures
• Sociology: The study of human society, relationships and social change
• Psychology: The study of the human mind and behavior
• Political Science: The study of political systems and governments
• Medical geography: uses the concepts and paradigms of the discipline of geography to investigate human-environmental relationships of disease, nutrition, and medical care systems, of which maps and geographic information science (GIScience) are arguably most prominent today.

Agricultural geography

• It is defined as the study of the geographical and locational attributes, patterns, and processes of crop and animal farming, and related subjects such as farmland, farm-associated human geographers, environmental issues, and theoretical works on the location of agricultural activities. 
• Agricultural geography is a sub-discipline of human geography concerned with the spatial relationships found between agriculture and humans. Hence, option 4 is not correct.
• That is the study of the phenomena and effects that lead to the formation of the earth's top surface, in different regions.

The correct answer is Troposphere.

Key Points

• The troposphere is the lowest part of the Earth's atmosphere in which all tropical changes take place. 
• It contains about 75% of the total air in the atmosphere.
• Based on temperature variation, our atmosphere can be classified into the following layers mainly.
• Troposphere: From Earth's surface up to 10km. Here, temperature decreases with increasing height. We, humans, live in the troposphere, and nearly all weather occurs in this lowest layer. Most clouds appear here.
• Stratosphere: From 10km above the surface to 50km above the surface, Here, temperature increases with increasing height due to the presence of the ozone layer.
• Ozone gas is capable of absorbing harmful UV rays and due to the absorption, the temperature increases.
• All the airplanes fly in this zone as due to high temperature there is less turbulence and hence smoother flights are possible. 
• Mesosphere: From 50km above the surface to 85 km above the surface. Here, the temperature again decreases with increasing height. Most meteors burn up in the mesosphere.
• Ionosphere: Beyond 85km there is a thermosphere layer and Ionosphere is a series of regions in parts of the mesosphere and thermosphere.

The correct answer is Erathosthenese.

Key Points

• The term ‘Geography’ was first coined by Eratosthenes.
• It is the combination of two Greek words, Geo (the earth) and Graphos (to write).
• Geography is the study of the Earth’s landscapes, peoples, places and environments.
• Physical Geography is the study of natural things like Volcanoes, earthquakes; rivers, oceans, glaciers; soil, water, air; weather and climate etc.
• Human Geography is the study of people, settlements, transport, industry etc.
  • It examines how humans adapt themselves to the land and to other people, and in macroscopic transformations, they enact on the world.
• Environmental Geography is the combination of Physical and Human geography.

Additional Information

• Herodotus: Herodotus is known as the “Father of History.”  and is well known for his historical accounts.
• Galileo: He was an Italian scientist and scholar whose inventions included the telescope.
  • His discoveries laid the foundation for modern physics and astronomy.
• Aristotle: He was an Ancient Greek philosopher and scientist and his works are in fields of politics, psychology and ethics.

The correct answer is 7516.6 kms.

Key Points

• Coastline of India
  • The peninsular part of India extends towards the Indian Ocean.
  • This has provided the country with a coastline of 6,100km on the mainland.
  • The total length of the coastline of the mainland, Lakshadweep Islands, and Andaman & Nicobar Islands are 7,516.6 km.
  • India's coastline extends to Nine states (Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and West Bengal) and four Union Territories (Puducherry, Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu, and Andaman & Nicobar Islands).
  • Gujarat has the largest share (23%) in India's coastline, followed by Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is Cotton.

• Cotton is the most suitable cash crop for black soil.
• The largest producer of cotton in India is Maharashtra followed by Gujarat and Telangana.
• The largest producer of cotton in the world is India followed by China and the United States of America (USA).
• The cash crop is also known as profit crop is an agricultural crop that is grown to sell for profit.
• Some examples of cash crops are tea, coffee, rubber, coconut, and spices.
• Black soil which is found in India is rich in metals such as Aluminium, Magnesium, Lime, Calcium, and Iron.
• It is deficient in Phosphorous, Potassium, Nitrogen, and organic matter.
• The black soil is also called regur and black cotton soils because cotton is the most important crop grown on these soils.
• This soil is mainly found in Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and parts of Karnataka.
• It has the highest water-retaining capacity.
• The texture of the black soil is Clayey.

Image of Cotton:

The correct answer is Mesosphere.

Key Points

• The mesosphere is the outermost layer of the atmosphere among these all options.
• Among all layers of the earth's atmosphere Exosphere is the outermost layer.
• The mesosphere is the third layer of the atmosphere, directly above the stratosphere and directly below the thermosphere.
• In the mesosphere, temperature decreases as altitude increases.

Image: 

Important Points

• The Ozone layer is in Stratosphere.
• Planes generally fly in Stratosphere.
• The stratosphere is about 5 kilometres from the ground.

Additional Information

• The asthenosphere is the highly viscous, mechanically weak, and ductile region of the upper mantle of Earth.
• The lithosphere is the rocky outer part of the Earth. 
• The troposphere is the bottom-most layer of the Earth's atmosphere.

 correct answer is History.The

Key Points

• Temporal synthesis is defined as the automated construction of a system whereby we develop a temporary specification and then try to prove it.
  • It is done in history as a discipline.
  • It refers to the comparisons made with respect to the passage of time.
  • Here, if a process is temporally extended, it means that it happens over a period of time.
  • If the occurrence of two events differs temporally, then they happened at different points in time.

Additional Information

• Spatial synthesis is attempted by Geography.
  • It includes any of the formal techniques which study entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties.

The correct answer is the Indus valley desert.

Key Points

• ​The Indus Valley Desert is an almost uninhabited desert ecoregion of northern Pakistan.
• It covers an area of 19,501 sq km in northwestern Punjab Province between the Chenab and Indus rivers.
• It is drier and less hospitable than the northwestern thorn scrub forests that surround it with temperatures ranging from freezing in winter to extremely hot in summer with only 600-800 mm of rainfall per year.
• The desert is home to five large mammals: Indian wolf, striped hyena, caracal, Indian leopard, and the urial along with many rodents and other mammals.

Additional Information

• The Thar desert
  • The Thar Desert is located in India (Rajasthan) and is also known as the Great Indian Desert.
  • The Thar Desert extends between the Aravalli Hills in the northeast and the Rann of Kutch in the west and the alluvial plains of the Indus River in the northwest.
  • It is located partly in the Rajasthan state of India and partly in the Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan.
• Rann of Kutch
  • The Great Rann of Kutch is a salt marsh in the Thar Desert in the Kutch District of Gujarat.
  • It is divided into the Great Rann and Little Rann.
  • The history of the Rann of Kutch began with early neolithic settlements. It was later inhabited by the Indus Valley Civilization as well as the Maurya and Gupta empires of India.
• Spiti valley cold desert
  • Spiti Valley is a cold desert mountain valley located high in the Himalayas in the northeastern part of the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.
  • The name "Spiti" means "The middle land" i.e. the land between Tibet and India.

The Earth's Lithosphere is divided into three layers-

• Core
• Mantel 
• Crust

​The crust is the topmost layer and is divided into 7 major plates and several minor plates.

Important Points The Baltic Plate is situated in the geographical location of the political boundaries of Europe:

•  to be specific on Northwestern Eurasia or Europe north of the Trans European Suture Zone and west of the Ural Mountains. 
• The thick core of the plate which constitutes the East European Craton is more than 3 billion years old.​

Therefore, the answer is option 2. Europe.  

Key Points

• The African Plate, straddling the Equator and the Prime Meridian, is a major Plate tectonic. It constitutes much of the African continent and adjoining oceanic crust.   
• The Eurasian Plate includes most of the continent of Eurasia. The exceptions from the landmass are the Indian and Arabian Subcontinent and in East Siberia, the east of Cherskey Range.
• The Australian Plate in the Eastern and Southern Hemisphere consists of the Gondwana via which Australia remained connected to India and Antarctica until approximately 100 million years ago. 

The correct answer is Zeugen.

Key Points

• Zeugen landform is produced by wind erosion. 
• Zeugen:
  • It is table shaped landform.
  • Mostly seen in arid and semi-arid regions.
  • The softer part of the rock is eroded by wind and the harder part remains as it is.

Additional Information

•  Cirque:
  • Cirques are formed by glacier erosion.
  • Cirques are amphitheater-shaped valleys with precipitous walls.
• Stacks:
  • Stacks are formed by coastal wind and water waves.
  • Generally seen in coastal areas.
  • The formation of Stacks takes a very long time.

The correct answer is Glacier.

Key Points

• The moving ice mass downslope under the impact of gravity is called a glacier.
• About 10% of the earth's surface is now covered by the glacier.
• Glacier is formed due to the accumulation of ice above snow-line under extreme cold climate.
• Glaciers begin forming in places where more snow piles up each year than melts. Soon after falling, the snow begins to compress or become denser and tightly packed.
• The process of snow compacting into glacial firn (dense, grainy ice) is called firnification.
• Different parts of a glacier move at different speeds. The flowing ice in the middle of the glacier moves faster than the base.

Additional Information

• Plateau
  • A plateau is a flat-topped tableland.
  • Plateaus occur in every continent and take up a third of the Earth's land.
  • They are one of the four major landforms, along with mountains, plains, and hills.
  • Plateaus, like mountains, may be young or old. The Deccan plateau in India is one of the oldest plateaus.
• Lagoon
  • ​A lagoon is a body of water separated from larger bodies of water by a natural barrier.
  • There are two types of lagoons: Atoll and coastal.
• Block Mountain
  • Block mountains are formed due to the upward movement of the middle block between two normal faults.
  • The upthrown block is also called a horst.
  • Block mountains are generally formed in high plateaux or broad domes.