Indian Cities and their Nicknames with Indian Geography Notes – Download as PDF

Indian Geography – Territorial Limits

1. India is located in the northern and eastern hemispheres of the globe.
2. India lies between the latitudes 6° 44’ north and 35° 30’ north. It lies between and 68° 7’ east and 97° 25’ east. The difference is roughly 30 degrees in both directions.
3. The mainland of India extends from Kashmir in the north to Kanyakumari in the south and Arunachal Pradesh in the east to Gujarat in the west.
4. The territorial limit of India extends towards the sea up to 12 nautical miles (22.2 km) from the coast. This limit includes the islands of Andaman, Nicobar and Lakshadweep.
5. The southern part of the country lies within the tropics and the northern part lies within the sub-tropical zone.

Indian Geography – Time Zone

1. 82° 30’ east (Shankargarh Fort, Mirzapur in Allahabad district) has been selected as the Standard Meridian of India as it is the multiple of 7 degree 30 min of longitude.
2. Indian Standard Time (IST) is ahead of Greenwich by 5 hours 30 minutes. This is the single time standard used across India.

Indian Geography – International Boundaries

1. Except Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Haryana, Delhi, all the other states in the country share boundaries with other countries or have coastlines.
2. The effective border between India and China is known as the McMahon line. The line that separates Indian-held lands from Chinese-held lands is called the Line of Actual Control (LAC).
3. The India-Pakistan border is known as Radcliffe line. The military control line between the parts of Jammu Kashmir controlled by India and Pakistan is called the Line of Control (LoC).
4. The India-Afghanistan and Pakistan-Afghanistan border are demarcated by a single line known as the Durand line.
5. India and Sri Lanka are separated by the Palk Strait.
6. India shares largest land frontier boundary with Bangladesh.

Indian Geography – Inside India

1. The tropic of cancer (23½° North latitude) passes through Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram – a total of 8 states.
2. The total geographical area of India is approximately 33 lakhs sq. km. which is around 2.45% of the total land of the hemisphere.
3. It is the seventh largest country in the world by area after USA, China, Russia, Canada, Brazil and Australia.
4. It is the second most populated country of the world after China with a population of 1.417 billion people.
5. There are a total 29 states and 7 UTs in India.
6. Delhi is known as the National Capital Territory of India (NCT).
7. Indira Point which is located in the Great Nicobar Island is the southern-most point in the territory of India. The southern-most top was submerged under water after 2004 Tsunami.

Indian Geography – Cities of India

A metropolitan area is an area (with one or more districts and two or more Municipalities or Panchayats) having a population of 10 lakhs or more. Some of the largest metropolitans in India are:

1. National Capital Region (NCR)
2. Mumbai
3. Kolkata
4. Bangalore
5. Pune
6. Hyderabad
7. Chennai
8. Visakhapatnam

Twin cities are when two cities that are very close to each other, over time, expand and grow to merge into one big metropolitan are. Some twin cities of India are:

1. Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad
2. Mumbai, Navi Mumbai and Thane
3. Hubli and Dharwad
4. Kolkata and Howrah
5. Bhubaneswar and Cuttack
6. Hyderabad and Secunderabad

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